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Welcome To TBILISI 

About Georgia

Georgia is located on the crossroad of Europe and Asia. It lays at the eastern end of the Black Sea, with Turkey and Armenia to the south, Azerbaijan to the east, and Russia to the north, over the Caucasus Mountains. The capital and largest city is Tbilisi. Georgia’s total territory covers 69,700 square kilometers.

Population in Georgia is almost 5 million. Official language is Georgian. Country is unitary semi-presidential republic. Georgian currency is Georgian Lari () (GEL). The native name of Georgia is “Sakartvelo”.

The climate of Georgia is extremely diverse, considering the nation’s small size. The highest mountain in Georgia is Mount Shkhara at 5,068 meters.
A large majority of Georgia’s population (83.9% in 2002) practices Orthodox Christianity.

Largest cities and towns of Georgia are : Tbilisi; Kutaisi; Batumi; Rustavi; Zugdidi; Gori; Poti; Khashuri; Samtredia.

10 Facts about Georgia

1. Cradle of Wine 

Georgia is one of the oldest wine producing regions of the world. The fertile valleys of the South Caucasus, which Georgia straddles, are believed by many archaeologists to be the source of the world’s first cultivated grapevines and neolithic wine production, over 8,000 years ago. Man discovered art of winemaking in Georgia 8,000 years ago. Due to the many millennia of wine in Georgian history, the traditions of its viticulture are entwined and inseparable with the country’s national identity.
It has been archaeologically proven that the roots of Georgian viticulture are between 9000 and 7000 BC, when peoples of South Caucasus discovered that wild grape juice turned into wine when it was left buried through the winter in a shallow pit. This knowledge was nourished by experience, and from 4000 BC Georgians were cultivating grapes and burying clay vessels, kvevris, in which to store their wine ready for serving at perfect ground temperature. When filled with the fermented juice of the harvest, the kvevris are topped with a wooden lid and then covered and sealed with earth. Some may remain entombed for up to 50 years.

2. A Unique Alphabet

There are just 14 independent alphabets in the world and Georgian is one of them. The Georgian kingdom of Iberia converted to Christianity in 326 AD. Scholars believe that the creation of an Old Georgian alphabet was instrumental in making religious scripture more accessible to the Georgians. This happened in the 4th or 5th century, not long after conversion. The oldest uncontested example of Georgian writing is an Asomtavruli inscription from 430 AD in a church in Bethlehem.

3. UNESCO Heritage sites 

Our  current UNESCO heritage sites include the ancient capital city of Mtskheta, the massive cathedral complexes of Bagrati and Gelati, and the mountain region of Svaneti. The construction of Bagrati Cathedral, named after Bagrat III, the first king of united Georgia, started at the end of the 10th century and was completed in the early years of the 11th century. Although partly destroyed by the Turks in 1691, it was  recently restored and the church service is held regularly.  The Gelati Monastery, whose main buildings were erected between the 12th and 17th centuries, is a well-preserved complex, with wonderful mosaics and wall paintings. The cathedral and monastery represent the flowering of medieval architecture in Georgia. The historic churches of Mtskheta, former capital of Georgia, are outstanding examples of medieval religious architecture in the Caucasus. They show the high artistic and cultural level attained by this ancient kingdom.

Preserved by its long isolation, the Upper Svaneti region of the Caucasus is an exceptional example of mountain scenery with medieval-type villages and tower-houses. The village of Chazhashi still has more than 200 of these very unusual houses, which were used both as dwellings and as defence posts against the invaders who plagued the region.

4. Europe’s highest settlement in Georgia 

Ushguli is recognised as the highest settlement in Europe, set at altitudes between 2,086 and 2,200 metres above sea level. Symbolically, this highest settlement is guarded by Mt. Shkhara, the highest point in Georgia. Its snow-capped glacier, reaching up to 5,200 metres, is a poignant background to the local towers and chapels. Usghuli and the surrounding mountainous Svaneti province are a must-see destination in Georgia. The region is made rich by its hospitable people, indigenous traditions and stunning landscapes. Svaneti also has its own remarkable cuisine, distinct from the other parts of Georgia. (Under UNESCO protection)

5. First European Civilization

Recent excavations of Dmanisi have revealed an extraordinary record of the earliest hominid dispersal beyond Africa (1,75 million years ago). Several hominid individuals along with abundant well-preserved remains of fossil animals and stone artefacts have been found. The Dmanisi specimens are the most primitive and small-brained humans found outside of Africa to be attributed to Homo erectus sensu lato, and they are the closest to the presumed Homo habilis-like stream. It is widely recognized that Dmanisi discoveries have changed scientist’s knowledge concerning the migration of homo from Africa to the European continent.

6. Flora and Fauna

Georgia is one of the most ecologically diverse countries in the world, with climatic zones ranging from subtropical to high alpine to semi-desert. Georgia is also home to vast expanses of completely unspoiled wildernesses, including one of Europe’s largest national parks. Our pristine wetlands and mountain aeries make this country a Mecca for bird watchers worldwide. Bears, lynxes and even leopards can be found in Georgia’s dense forests of Caucasian fir-the tallest trees in Europe.

7. Endless Tourism Possibilities 

From adventure tourism to discovering the art of wine making, Georgia has something to delight every visitor. Take advantage of the cheapest heli-skiing in Europe, or tour some of the finest medieval architecture in the world, delve into ancient, subterranean cave cities, or relax at world class beach resorts – in Georgia, everything is possible.

8. Summer sea and Winter Ski resorts 

Georgia is a year-round destination. In Georgia, you can swim in the sea as late as November – one of the longest swimming seasons in Europe. After that, why not head to the mountains, where there is guaranteed snow until late April, making Georgia a top destination for skiers and snowboarders. Any month of the year though, you should try our famous Spring waters, curative and tasty.

9. Mountains and Trekking

When it comes to the height of its mountains and the breadth of available treks, Georgia’s High Caucasus may not compete with the Himalayas. However, with five peaks higher than Mont Blanc (4,808 meters), Georgia’s High Caucasus Mountains are comparable to the European Alps and by far less crowded. The fabled region of Svaneti, nestled in these mountains, is a place of magic and fear, even for Georgians themselves. Access to peaks like Mount Shkhara (5,201 meters) and Mount Ushba (4,710 meters) and opportunities to stay with Svan families in villages make trekking in this region an outdoor and cultural adventure.

10. Rapid development

Infrastructure and facilities are rapidly being developed in Georgia. Monuments and routes are being renovated and made more accessible. Almost every week there is a new travel opportunity in Georgia. It offers the following types of tourism: adventure tourism, cultural tourism, wine tourism, eco-tourism, Hunting tourism, cruise tourism, extreme tourism combined with cultural tourism, bird-watching tourism, speleo tourism, mountain tourism, archaeological tourism, culinary tourism, ethnographical tourism, educational tourism. The Georgian economy is one of the fastest growing in the world. The New York Times ranked Georgia 6-th among 52 best countries for the tourism destination. Tbilisi has become one of the safest capitals in the Western World comparable to Lisbon or Vienna

History of Georgia

Georgia has the dubious distinction of being one of the most invaded nations on Earth. As a nation at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, it has been marked by war for ages. From the I century BC to the XVIII century AD the Greeks, Romans, Persians, Arabs, Ottomans and Russians have all attempted to possess this beautiful land, but none have ever conquered it completely or permanently.

As a result, our history became one of the skilled survivals – preserving our culture against overwhelming odds again and again. To protect against invaders an elaborate system of watchtowers (many of which still exist) alerted the people to an attack, and precious religious icons and relics would disappear into caves and hidden mountain fortresses. Villages in the most remote mountain valleys would escape the invaders attention entirely, thus some of the oldest and most superlative frescoes are found in the highlands.

Dmanisi Hominid
The recently discovered Dmanisi hominid in the foothills of the lesser Caucasus provides a remarkable 1.8 million year old link with humankind’s first transition from Africa to Europe and then Asia. It is no surprise to find numerous Stone Age settlements and archaeological sites spread through the Georgian Heartland.

Greek Era
The fabulously wealthy land of Colchis, centered on modern Poti, was originally a Greek colony and known for its famous School of Rhetoric and Philosophy. Many other settlements were subsequently founded up and down on the Black Sea coast by this famed civilization. Later the historian Herodotus mentions Georgian troops forming part of the infamous army of Xerxes during the invasion of Greece, and describes their weapons and outfits.

Jason and the Argonauts
The first European tourists, the Argonauts, came to Georgia to search for the legendary Golden Fleece, approximately before 1000 BC. It is thought that the Golden Fleece may have been referred to the practice of using sheep’s hides to pan for gold in Georgia’s mountain streams, a practice still known to this day.
It is not known if there was a real Medea, but at this time Georgia was well known for its metal skill, linens, wine and herbal remedies.

Silk Road
The Silk Road began in the XIII century BC, when emissaries of the Han Dynasty of China made contact with kingdoms in central Asia. This East-West trade route would profoundly affect world history, from silk to spices to inventions such as gunpowder, printing blocks, and the water wheel.
It became the best and the most valued channel of the civilization. Of the two primary routes, the Northern goes directly through Georgia. Indeed somewhere here is where traders got off their riverboats and began to walk by mule and camel.

The Roman Empire
After the Romans pushed into Persia, they set their eyes on Georgia as well. Sending famed general Pompey in 66 BC to tame the local tribes, he is famous here for building a stone bridge during his siege of Mtskheta.
The bridge was used until quite recently, and its remains can still be seen. Soon all of Caucasia fell under Roman rule, but it did not last long, and by the I century BC Georgia was considered as an ally not a subject state.

The Adoption of Christianity
Georgia was the second country in the world to adopt Christianity as a state religion. According to the legend, Saint Nino of Cappadocia introduced Christianity to the Georgian people in 330 AD, although parts of the country around the Black Sea had already converted to Christianity two centuries before.

As the legend goes, Saint Nino bound a cross from grape vines with her own hair; Saint Nino’s cross has remained as a symbol of the Georgian Church (and can still be seen in Sioni Cathedral, Tbilisi). Georgia’s early adoption of Christianity had huge implications on how the future would have developed for Georgians, as it permanently oriented the country to the West, to Rome, and later to Europe as a whole.

Arab Domination
After the death of Muhammad in 632, Arab armies swept northwards through Iran, captured Tbilisi in 645 and established an emirate here. While not being interested in colonizing Eastern Georgia, they forced King Stepanoz II to pay tribute and obey their commands.

Georgian culture was continuing to develop uninterrupted, and the Silk Road was meanwhile flourishing. By the X century Arab rule in Western Georgia had weakened and the Byzantine Empire was rapidly expanding. Byzantine Emperor Basil II was able to retake most of Georgia and unite east and west as one nation.

David the Builder
Despite its turbulent history and powerful neighbors, Georgia managed to unite itself into a strong kingdom by the XII century. David the Builder (1089-1125) was Georgia’s most prominent king, and almost single-handedly initiated the country’s Golden Age.
His war against the Turks fortuitously coincided with the Crusades. He was able to stop paying tribute in 1096 and defeated the Turks completely in 1121.
Human treatment of Muslims during this period set a standard for tolerance that was unique in those times and was a hallmark of his enlightened rule. Using his military acumen David was able to vastly expand his Kingdom into modern day Armenia and eastward toward the Caspian Sea.

King Tamar
Georgia reached its zenith during the rule of Queen Tamar (she was referred as King because of her incredible power). She was the grand-daughter of David the Builder, and during her reign Georgians enjoyed a cultural renaissance, evidenced by monastery building and a fresco and ornamental design art movements.
Richly appointed churches sprang up across the newly formed empire, many atop mountains and still in place today. Georgian culture grew exponentially in this golden age. Schools, bridges and monasteries were built and a literary tradition began.
Exactly to the Queen Tamar Shota Rustaveli dedicated his epic poem “The Knight in the Panther Skin”, which is still taught in Georgian high-schools nowadays.

Mongols
Georgia was the first European country to suffer at the hands of the Mongol invasions of the XIII century. This disaster was followed centuries later by the great Mongol leader Tamerlane, who invaded Georgia not less than eight times, starting in 1386. The huge armies were undefeatable and surrender was the ONLY OPTION for Georgians.
Dividing the kingdom into three principalities, the new overlords played the nobles off against each other and the king, and collected tribute from all. Georgian knights were then enlisted in the Mongol army and their technology and tactics were instrumental in the terrifying siege of Baghdad.

Persian and Ottoman Invasions
During the XVI century Georgia found itself trapped between two expanding empires, the Ottoman Turks from the West and the Persians from the East. The fall of Constantinople and the corresponding change in trade routes greatly weakened Georgia and its future was in grave peril.
The Persian Shah Tahmasp invaded Georgia four times and Tbilisi was captured and many slaves were taken (Georgian women were very valued for their beauty and men were valued as economic advisors). Eventually the kingdom was divided into two spheres of influence, the West to the Turks and the East to the Persians. For the next 250 years Georgia was unable to regain the independence.

Bagrationi Renaissance
Only in the XVIII century under the dynasty of Bagrationi Georgia was able to become independent again, and the rebuilding of the nation could commence. Despite rebellious princes, occupying armies and raiding parties from the North, they were able to forge a strong new kingdom.

Convinced that Georgia could not survive on its own, they turned to Catherine the Great of Russia and forged an alliance. In 1783 a treaty was signed making Georgia a protectorate of the Russian Empire.

Tbilisi

The city lies on both banks of the Mtkvari River and is surrounded by mountains from three sides. One widely accepted variant of the legend of Tbilisi’s founding states that King Vakhtang I Gorgasali of Georgia went hunting in the heavily wooded region with a falcon. The King’s falcon allegedly caught or injured a pheasant during the hunt, after which both birds fell into a nearby hot spring and died from burns. King Vakhtang became so impressed with the hot springs that he decided to cut down the forest and build a city. The name Tbilisi derives from the Old Georgian word “Tbili”, meaning warm. Archaeological studies of the region have indicated human settlement on the territory of Tbilisi as early as the 4th millennium BC.

1.Old Tbilisi
The main sights of the city are gathered in Old Tbilisi district. This area is well-known for its Sulpur bathhouses.
Nearby on Shardeni Street you will find plenty of popular Restaurants, open air Café-bars, Night Clubs and Galleries.



2.Narikala
Narikala Fortress can be seen from any point within Old Tbilisi. It was constructed for defense purposes in the 4th century and considerably expanded over subsequent periods of history.




3.Rustaveli Avenue and Freedom Square
Rustaveli Avenue begins at Freedom Square and extends for about 1.5 kilometers. This is the center of the city, where many of the governmental, cultural and business facilities are located.




4. Funicular
Tbilisi Funicular is one of the finest examples of cable railways in the world. The railway leads to a beautiful leisure and amusement park Mtatsminda, which overlooks the entire city.




5. “Dry bridge”
The Dry Bridge is well-known for its flea market, where you can find art exhibitions, and antique items
for sale.

6. Agmashenebeli Avenue
Agmashenebeli Avenue is one of the longest and most beautiful streets of the city. Here you can find gorgeous historic buildings, painted entryways and distinctive architectural ornaments.




7. Simon Janashia Museum of Georgia
The origins of the Museum date back to the 19th century. Today, the Museum exhibits Georgia’s principal archaeological findings and thousands of artifacts of immense historical significance; animal remains datingback 40 million years, archaeological and ethnographic collections from the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze, Iron and Middle Ages.
Address: 3 Shota Rustaveli Avenue

8. Art Museum of Georgia
Located near Freedom Square, the Art Museum of Georgia is one of the most important museums in the
country. It exhibits around 140,000 items of art from various cultures and time periods.

9. Gabriadze Theater
Founded in 1981, it became the first Georgian puppet theatre. The building is decorated with a magnificent clock tower, which once a day, at 12:00 features a performance of figurines.
Address: 13 Shavteli Street



10. Holy Trinity Cathedral
The Trinity Cathedral is one of the tallest Eastern Orthodox cathedrals in the World. The cathedral complex also consists of an underground section and integrates nine chapels, various supplementary buildings and beautiful gardens.

Mtskheta

Mtskheta is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It has been inhabited since before 1.000 BC and was once the capital of the early Kingdom of Iberia, (today’s Eastern Georgia).

Just 20 km from today’s capital Tbilisi, situated at the confluence of the Mtkvari and Aragvi rivers, the city is located on an ancient trade route. Archaeologists have unearthed evidence of Mtskheta’s status as a major trading post. Glass perfume bottles, Greek and Aramaic writings, pottery, metalwork and jewellery are all found in abundance beneath the ground here, and many examples are on show in the town’s fine Museum.

The ancient geographer Strabo described Mtskheta as a highly developed city with a water supply system, markets and stone houses. Mtskheta was also the religious centre of the country, with a number of major shrines to Georgia’s pagan pantheon; these would later be replaced by churches when St. Nino converted the country to Christianity in around 337 AD.

Although the capital was moved to the more easily defended Tbilisi at the beginning of the VI century, Mtskheta continued to be the coronation and burial place of Georgian kings, and the seat of the Patriarch, who is also known as the Bishop of Mtskheta. Today, the lovely old town has a laid back, village feel, especially after the more hectic pace of Tbilisi.

1. Svetitskhoveli Cathedral
Georgian architectural monument dating back to the XI century had been the religious center of the country for hundreds of years. The complex includes the church, a gate, a bell tower, castles and clerical residences. The mantles of Christ and of the Prophet Elijah are both preserved in the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral. The cathedral is included on the UNESCO World Heritage Site List.

2. St. Nino Monastery
The complex is located in the city center of Mtskheta, and dates back to the XI century. From this holy place, St. Nino of Cappadocia preached Christianity to the Georgian people. The first Christian King Mirian, Queen Nana and Assyrian father Abibos Nekreseli are all buried here. The complex includes: the main cathedral, St. Nino Church, a bell tower and a citadel wall.

3. Mtskheta State Archaeological Museum-Reserve
The Museum-Reserve contains archeological monuments of national and world importance. Wide variety of exhibits of the Bronze, late Middle Ages, and ethnographic artifacts are also preserved in the Museum-Reserve.

4. Bebristsikhe
Bebristsikhe castle is located north of Mtskheta, on the right bank of the river Aragvi. It was called Belta in ancient times. The castle was built in the antique period; its total area equates to approximately 1500 m2 and the inner courtyard is about 600 m2.

5. Jvari Monastery
The VI century Georgian Orthodox monastery is built on a hill, opposite of Mtskheta, at the confluence of Aragvi and Mtkvari rivers. Shortly after the adoption of Christianity, King Mirian III erected a wooden cross in this place. In the 2nd half of the VI century Guaram, the ruler of Kartli, built a little church beside the Holy Cross. The church is included on the UNESCO World Heritage Site List.

6. Armaztsikhe (Bagineti)
Archaeological and historic Monument (IV BC – VIII AD) is located along Mtskheta-Tbilisi highway. Its name is linked to the idol Armazi which was proclaimed the supreme deity by King Parnavaz. Archeological findings on the territory of Armaztsikhe include: ruins of the wall, towers, structures of the royal residence and the ruins of the burial vault. The locals refer to Armaztsikhe as Bagineti.

7. Armazi Fortress
Considering its scale and antiquity – Armazi is one of the most important fortresses in the country. Currently, remains of the fortress occupy 30 hectares. The fortress used to block the road to the bordering countries beyond the Caucasus.

8. Monastery of Shio-Mgvime
The monastery is located 8 km from Mtskheta, on the left bank of the river Mtkvari. It was constructed in the beginning of the 2nd half of the VI century by one of the Assyrian fathers named Shio. The complex includes facilities of different time periods: a cave church, St. John Baptist Church, a bell tower, church of Shio, St. Mary’s Assumption Cathedral with a tower, refectory, rock-cut caves – reservoirs, clergy houses, a spring, water supply system and the Ascension Church.

9. Zedazeni
The Zedazeni complex is located 6 km south of Saguramo, on the top of a mountain covered in deep forests. The complex includes: St. John Baptist Church, the fortress and cave cells.

10. Ilia Chavchavadze Saguramo State Museum
The museum complex includes a residential house, auxiliary buildings and the family vineyards of the famous Georgian writer and public figure Ilia Chavchavadze (1837-1907). The museum preserves memorial items and manuscripts of the writer; photo portraits of the famous XIX century Georgian public figures and photographs reflecting the time period. Location: village Saguramo

Kutaisi

Kutaisi, Imereti’s main city, is Georgia’s second largest city after Tbilisi. The elegant, tree lined streets of the XIX century houses stretching down to the banks of the Rioni River, along with several attractive parks, make Kutaisi a very beautiful place to stroll around and to take in some of the many sights.

In the Jewish Quarter a number of Synagogues demonstrate the long history of the Georgian Jewish community. The town’s largest synagogue, built in 1866 can seat 500 worshipers. The magnificent churches of Bagrati and Gelati – both UNESCO world heritages sites – testify to the importance of the region.

1. Bagrati Cathedral
The construction of Bagrati Cathedral, named after Bagrat III – the first king of united Georgia, started at the end of the 10th century and was completed in the early years of the 11th century. The Cathedral holds special importance in the history of Georgia as an architectural and cultural monument.
Address: 25 Bagrationi str., Kutaisi

2. Gelati Monastery
The cathedral is situated 11 km westwards from Kutaisi. The Gelati Monastery, with its main buildings erected between the 12th and 17th centuries, was an important religious, cultural and educational center of Georgia. The monastery complex is included in UNESCO’s World Cultural Heritage list and its architecture is well known for wonderful mosaics and frescos. King David the Builder, the most celebrated King of Georgia, is buried in the yard of the monastery.

3. Motsameta Monastery
Motsameta Monastery is located 6 kilometers from Kutaisi. The present day church dates back to the 11th century, however there are historic records stating that a church was constructed here as far back as the 8th century. Motsameta attracts crowds of tourists with an ancient superstition: if one crawls three times under the ark and makes a wish while touching the hallows, the wish will come true.
Location: village of Motsameta

4. Kutaisi State Historical Museum
Kutaisi State Historical Museum was founded in 1912 and houses over 200,000 artifacts.
Address: 18 Pushkin str., Kutaisi

5. Historical district of the city
The historical part of Kutaisi – the Royal District, includes the areas surrounding the White bridge, Tsisferkantselta str., St. Nino str., Tsereteli and Pushkini str.

6. Vani Archeological Museum
The museum houses the majority of the archeological materials discovered on the site of Vani. In 1987, the Gold Reserve was opened within the museum, which preserves the unique pieces created by Vani’s ancient goldsmiths. The exhibition also displays architectural materials, as well as unique bronze figures and their fragments.
Address: 22 Lortpanidze str., Vani

7. Sataplia Nature Reserve
Sataplia Nature Reserve is located 6 kilometers North-West of Kutaisi. Here you can find preserved dinosaur footprints and a beautiful cave complex featuring numerous stalactites and stalagmites. Within the area of the reserve there is a museum, a glass walkway overlooking breathtaking natural scenery.

8. Prometheus Cave
Prometheus Cave is located 40 kilometers from Kutaisi near Tskaltubo. The cave is one of the most popular destinations in the region, and includes various types of stalactites, stalagmites, curtains, petrified waterfalls, underground rivers, and lakes. The cluster of six caves differs significantly from each other in scale and the unique shapes of petrified flowstones found within. Here you will also have a chance take a boat tour though an in underground lake.

9. Katskhi Pillar
Located 60 kilometers from Kutaisi; in the village of Katskhi, the Pillar is a natural limestone monolith. The monolith is around 40 meter tall and overlooks the surrounding river valley. There is a small church and a clergy house on top of the Pillar.

10.Okatse Canyon
Okatse Canyon is situated in the village of Gordi, some 42 kilometers from Kutaisi. The length of the canyon is about 16 kilometers, width from 10 to 15 meters and depth is about 50 meters. Along the canyon you can find several waterfalls, the height of one of them reaches 70 meters.
Location: village of Gordi

Kazbegi

Kazbegi National Park is located on the northern slopes of the mighty Caucasus range, and its protected area covers a total of over 8.700 hectares. At 5.047 metres above sea level, Kazbegi Mountain (or Mkinvartsveri) is the third highest mountain in Georgia, and is surrounded with myths and religious stories.

According to the Greek myth, as punishment for teaching mankind how to make fire, the Titan Prometheus was chained to a mountainside in the Caucasus for all eternity. According to Georgian stories, it was the icy slopes of Kazbegi to which he was chained. Prometheus (known as Amirani in Georgia) was apparently imprisoned in a cave 4.000 meters up. The cave, now called Betlemi (Bethlehem), later served as a dwelling for orthodox monks, and was said to contain many sacred relics, including Abraham’s tent and Christ’s manger.

Hot springs, acidic and carbonated lakes surround the mountain, and earth tremors are fairly frequent. Covered with 135 square kilometres of glacier, Kazbegi is a great place for ice climbing and mountaineering. The Darial Gorge is an almost impossibly steep cleft in the mountains connecting Russia and Georgia, running for 18km from Stepantsminda to the Russian border at Zemo Larsi.

For millennia, this mountain passage has been strategically crucial, and has been fortified since at least 150 BC. In places, the cliff faces are more than 1,000m high, and medieval watchtowers, waterfalls and wildlife make this one of the most incredible roads in the world. The steep valleys either side of the gorge are great places for bird watching. Eagles, hawks and the massive griffon vultures all nest among the rocky outcrops.

1. Stephantsminda Historic Museum
The Museum is located in the memorial house of the Georgian writer Alexander Kazbegi (1848-1890). Together with the library and personal belongings of the writer, the museum houses ethnographical artefacts typical for the region; archaeological exhibits; religious relics; books and various works of the local artists.
Address: Aleksandre Kazbegi str. 2

2. Gergeti Trinity Church
The architectural complex of the XIV century is located in Gergeti village, 6 km from the town of Stepantsminda, at a height of 2200 m. The complex includes Holy Trinity Cathedral, constructed in the XIV century, the bell tower built in the XIV century and the clergy houses of the XV century.

3. Gveleti Waterfall
The waterfall is located in Gveleti, 7 km from the town of Stepantsminda. Upon your arrival, you’ll have to pass through Dariali Gorge, from which a narrow footpath leads the way to the Gveleti waterfall.

4. Devdoraki Glacier
A hiking trail leading to the glacier, starts in Stephantsminda and follows the Dariali Gorge. Along the way you will see the Gveleti waterfall, as well as a birch forest and wide variety of plants typical for the Alpine zone.

5. Dariali Gorge
The gorge begins at the confluence of the river Chkheri (close to Stepantsminda) and ends near upper Lars. The Gorge itself is 11 km long. The confluence of Kabakhi and Khda rivers is the most narrow and rocky part of the gorge. You will also have an opportunity to see the Georgian Orthodox Cathedral, which is located within the gorge.

6. Upper Truso Gorge
You will encounter plenty of historic and cultural monuments on the territory of the Gorge; abandoned
villages, deposited sediments from mineral waters, glacial and river deposits. Truso Gorge is rich in carbonated mineral waters. You can also find birch forests throughout.

7. Gorge of Khdi
The Gorge is located in the northern part of Georgia, near the border of Lars. This area is mostly visited by Mountain climbers. To get to the place you’ll have to pass through the Dariali Gorge, where a hiking trail passes a newly built monastery complex and leads through the riverbed of Brolistskali. The distance from Stepantsminda to the monastery is about 11 km and the length of the footpath is approximately 17 km.

8. Gorge of Artkhmo
The gorge begins at the village of Akhaltsikhe (The Sno Gorge) and stretches along a riverbed of Artkhmostsqali.
Here you can visit ancient abandoned villages: Miguda and Artkhmo, also see beautiful waterfalls.
Akhaltsikhe is a small town located 10 km away from Stepantsminda.

9. Village Sno
The settlement is located about 5 km from Stepantsminda, this is the place where the Patriarchy residence
is located. There is also a church in the courtyard of the residence.

10.Juta
The village of Juta is one of the highest settlements (2200 m) in the municipality of Kazbegi and is located 24 km from Stephantsminda (8 km – paved road, while the rest 16 km is a dirt road). The mountain range of Chaukhi, located nearby the village, is situated on the main ridge of the Caucasus mountain range, at the source of the river Bakurkhevi.

Borjomi

The town is famous for its mineral water industry (which is the number one export of Georgia). Archaeological excavations have revealed the existence of stone bathes in the area, proving that these mineral waters have been utilized by people for thousands of
years. Because of the supposed curative powers of the area’s mineral springs, it is a frequent destination for people with health problems. Borjomi is also home to the most extensive ecologically-themed amusement park in the Caucasus.

1. Blue Palace “Firuza”
“Firuza” is one of the most important historical buildings in Borjomi. Situated at the entrance of the “Mineral Water Park”, it was built in 1892 by the consul of Iran and is considered a unique cultural monument. The building combines characteristics of Persian, Georgian and European styles.
Address: Baratashvili Street N3

2. Mineral Water Park
The remarkable virtue of Borjomi is its striking nature and unique mineral waters. One of the best places to experience this is the “Mineral Water Park” of Borjomi. The park itself dates back to the 1850s and is an attractive destination all throughout the year. This is also the place where you can try the natural Borjomi mineral water and relax in a beautiful enviorment.
Address: 9 Aprili Street

3. Borjomi Museum of Local Lore
One of the oldest museums in Georgia; first opened its doors in 1926. The building itself was constructed in 1890, and is unique both in its architecture and materials used. Today it houses over 36,000 items, within four permanent exhibitions. The Museum offers a full range of information about the town, from the flora and fauna-to documents confirming Borjomi mineral water’s medical properties. It also contains many of the 18th–19th century glass, bronze, porcelain and wood artifacts which belonged to the Russian Royal family. Address: 5 Saint Nino Street

4. Gogia’s Castle
The castle is located to the north-west of Borjomi and was constructed around the 14th century. The castle belonged to the rulers of Borjomi, feudal lords – Avalishvilis, and it still bears the name of Gogia Avalishvili.

5. Peter’s Castle
The medieval castle is located on a high rocky mountain, within a few kilometers from Borjomi. In the XVI century, after the Ottoman conquest of Tori (historic region of Georgia), the Peter’s Castle was the administrative center for the Ottomans. Currently, there are preserved remains of various buildings within the fortress walls, including, ruins of a residence hall and wine cellar.
Location: territory of Likani

6. Romanovs’ Palace
The Romanovs’ Palace dates back to the nineteenth century. In 1892-1895, the palace was built by the architect Leontin Benua, under the order of Prince of Russia – Nicholas Romanov. The palace houses unique exhibits, including the table given to the Romanovs by Napoleon, the armchairs given by the Shah of Iran, a historical hand-made table carved by the Russian Emperor Peter I. You will also find a Romanov era billiard table in the billiards room.
Location: village of Likani

7. Borjom-Kharagauli National Park
Borjom-Kharagauli protected area is one of the largest national parks in Europe. Its total territory amounts to 85,083 ha, more than 1% of the Georgian territory. National park offers hiking, horse riding, biking, cultural and educational tours – the routes function throughout the year. Picnic spots and camping sites are also arranged along the routes. The National Park visitors’ center will be more than happy to help you with any organizational issues.

8. Timotesubani Monastery – The Cathedral of Holy Virgin
Located 17 kilometers from Borjomi, the church was constructed between the 12th – 13th centuries. The interior is decorated with some of the best examples of Georgian mural painting of the 13th century.
Address: village of Timotesubani

9. The Green Monastery
Build between the 9th-10th centuries, the Chitakhevi St. George’s Monastery (the Green Monastery) resides in a beautiful location in the Borjomi valley, 13 kilometers from the city of Borjomi. The church is constructed from special stones, which have a green coloring to them, with some being darker and some lighter.

10. Kvabiskhevi Church of Assumption
The three-aisled basilica, constructed in the 8th–9th centuries, is one of the most historic buildings in Borjomi valley, located just 21 kilometers from the city of Borjomi. The frescos within the church date back to the 12th and 13th centuries. Location: village of Kvabiskhevi.

Zugdidi

The city is the capital of the Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region which combines Samegrelo (Mingrelia) and Svaneti. The name “Zugdidi” means “big or great hill” in Laz and Mingrelian.
Historically Zugdidi was a capital of principality of Mingrelia (Odishi) until 1867, when the principality was abolished by the Russian Empire. In 1993 there was an administration of first President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia.

1. Dadiani Palaces History and Architectural Museum
In 1839, David Dadiani founded the family museum. The museum is one of the oldest in the Caucasian region and currently houses more than 41,000 items, ranging from the second millennium BCE to the end of the 19th century CE. Among various items, you will also find Napoleon’s death mask dated 1833, a Napoleonic library of several hundred volumes, private letters, and Napoleonic silver and chinaware.

2. Ganmukhuri and Anaklia (Black Sea Resorts)
Ganmukhuri and Anaklia are two Black Sea resorts connected with each other by a 552 meter pedestrian bridge. The resorts attract tourists for their sandy beaches, boulevards, hotels, aqua parks and yacht clubs.
 
 

3.Kolkheti National Park
The National Park was created in order to protect and maintain Kolkheti wetland ecosystems of world importance. The Kolkheti National Park Administration offers boat tours on lake Paliastomi and river Pichori, as well as sport fishing, bird watching and eco-educational tours. Tours are carried out throughout the year.
 

4. The swinging rock – “Kuakantsalia”
The rock stands on the limestone massif in Tsalenjikha – 27 kilometers from Zugdidi. What makes this particular place so special is that a simple touch of a human hand is enough to make this giant rock shake and create knocking sounds. Location: Tsalenjikha

5. The Khobi Monastery
The Khobi Monastery dates back to the 13th-14th centuries, it is located in the village of Nojikhevi, some 30 kilometers from Zugdidi. The church is decorated with beautiful frescos and wall ornaments. During the middle ages the Khobi Monastery served as a seat to the Catholicos Patriarch of Georgia. This area is particularly attractive for tourist interested in archeology.

6. Skuri
The resort is well-known for its mineral water “Skuri”, which has medical properties. Within the beautiful Skuri valley, you will also find the “White Fortress” dating back to the 1st–3rd centuries.

7. Complex of “Otsindale”
The Otsindale complex is situated 640 meters above the sea level, overlooking the beautiful Kolkhetivalley. The complex combines a church, which dates back to the 11th century and a tower, which was constructed around the 8th century.
Location: village of Taia (45 kilometers from Zugdidi)

8. Shurubumu
Shurubumu is one of the beautiful wonders of the natural world. The area is covered with lush green moss and thousand-year old buxus trees. You will also find a cave within the premise, with numerous stalactites and stalagmites.

9. Canyon of Intsra
The cave is located within the basin of the river Instra; inside the cave you will find numerous stalactites, stalagmites and helictites. The water flowing out of the cave creates a 26 meter high beautiful waterfall.
Location: village of Chkvalevi, municipality of Tsalenjikha.

 

10. Enguri hydropower plant
Enguri dam is the second highest concrete arch dam in the world. It was built in the 1970s as part of the Enguri hydropower plant. Location: north of town of Jvari.

Mestia

Mestia, the main regional centre of Zemo Svaneti, is situated 456 km from Georgia’s capital city, Tbilisi and is 1.500 metres above sea level.

It is the starting point for most trips to Svaneti, with a range of hotels, guesthouses and local travel services, and a very convenient base for exploring the area. From the centre of Mestia it is possible to hike up to the glaciers at the foot of mount Ushba, or take horses up to the pristine alpine meadows. Plus, a new ski resort makes it possible to ski or snowboard even in the height of summer.

Tourists interested in religious history will find plenty of examples of wall paintings, frescoes and icons from the Middle Ages in the churches around Mestia. Within Mestia, Saint George Church has preserved crosses and icons from the XII century. Also, Pusdi Church still contains fragments of XIII century wall paintings.

1. Svaneti Historic and Ethnography Museum
The museum was founded in 1936 and houses historic artifacts from the Svaneti region; engraved art and unique icons; rich collection of manuscripts, medieval weaponry, iron, silver and copper ornaments; jewelry, pottery and collection of textile items; ethnographic artifacts depicting ancient life in Svaneti and etc.
Location: town of Mestia

2. Museum of Michael Khergiani
The ground floor of the museum houses personal items of the famous alpinist – Merited Master of Sport Michael Khergiani (1932-1969). Among the collection, you will find climbing equipment, clothing, photos, awards, gifts – including music records of Vladimir Vysotsky and a song which he dedicated to Khergiani, and many more items. Location: town of Mestia

3. Transfiguration Cathedral in Laghami
The church is located in Laghami – old part of the town Mestia. The first floor of the two-storey basilica is named after Great Martyr Barbara (Barblash) and dates back to the IX century. The second floor was constructed in XIII-XIV centuries and decorated with beautiful frescos. The outer wall of the Cathedral is also covered with paintings. The northern facade depicts the “Banishment of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden”, while the eastern wall features “Hunting of St. Eustaphios”. Cathedral also houses XIII century gold and silver engraved icon of Christ (pantokratori).

4. Ski lift and the view from Zuruldi
About 8 km from Mestia, you will arrive in Hatsvali, where a 1.5 kilometer long ropeway will take you to mount Zuruldi. This mountain is well known for its unique views, featuring white slopes of Tetnuldi and the Caucasus mountain range. During the winter months, this area features a 2,400 meter long ski slope.

5. Chalaadi Glacier
The glacier is located on the southern slope of the Caucasus Mountains, at the source of the river Mestia- Chala. The height of the glacier is 1850 meters. Chalaadi is the only glacier that interjects into the forest zone. The glacier is fed by mountain tides of Bzhedukhi, Chatini and Dalaqori.

6. Ushguli
Ushguli is located in the municipality of Mestia, at the bottom of mountain Shkhara, near the confluence of rivers Inguri and Shavtsqala-Kvishara. The community is comprised of 4 villages (Zhibiani, Chvibiani, Murqmeli and Chazhashi) and their height ranges from 2060 meters to 2200 meters above sea level. This makes Ushguli the highest settlement in Europe. The center of the community – village of Chazhashi has been declared a museum and is among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

7. Kala
Located in the Municipality of Mestia, Kala includes 8 villages: Agra, Ipari, lalkhori, Davberi, Khe, Vichnashi, Khelde and Laskrali. The major tourist attractions are: the XI century Ipari church, the XI century St. Kvirike Church (Lagurka) and the village Kheshi.

8. Adishi
Within the vicinity of the village Adishi, you can find numerous monuments of the medieval Georgian art: four churches featuring beautiful frescoes, traditional houses, unique towers, and samples of engraved artwork.

9. Ipari-Nakipari Church of St. George
The eastern facade of the chapel features depictions of animals. The interior of the church was painted in 1130 by a man named Theodore, who was an artist for the King. Engraved icon of St. George, crafted by XI century goldsmith is preserved in the church as well.

10. Church of Christ
Located in the village of Latali, the local people refer to it as “matskhvarishi”. Constructed in the X century, the church features memorizing quality of artistry. The church also houses a XII century Byzantine cross decorated with cloisonné enamel.

Telavi

Telavi is home to several of the region’s world-famous wineries, art museums, castles and a theatre highlighting folk singing and dancing. Telavi is located on the crossroad of the region and is an ideal place to stop for a lunch or an excellent jumping-off point for two or three-day excursions.

1. Giorgi Chubinashvili Telavi State History and Ethnography Museum
Founded in 1927, the Museum resides in several halls of King Erekle II’s former Palace. The Museum houses King Erekle’s belongings and numerous archeological, ethnographic, numismatic and textile artifacts.
Address: 1 Erekle II Avenue, Telavi

2. Cholokashvili Street
Cholokashvili Street is one of the most beautiful streets in the city, which has been recently renovated.

3. Batonis Tsikhe Castle
Batonis Tsikhe castle served as the residence of Kakhetian Kings between 17th and 18th century. The castle encloses two churches, ruins of a royal bathhouse and the Persian style Palace of King Erekle II.
Address: 1 Erekle II Avenue, Telavi

4. Nadikvari Park
Nadikvari Park is a wonderful place for leisure; you will find walking trails, beautiful nature, playgrounds, open-air theater/concert arena and plenty of other attractions.

5. Giant Plane tree
Almost 900 year old Giant Plane tree is one of the oldest attractions of the city.

6. Old Shuamta
Old Shuamta, located 7 kilometers from Telavi, is one of the oldest preserved Orthodox churches in Georgia, dating back to the 5th century. The complex also incorporates two dome churches, which were constructed in the 7th century.

7. New Shuamta
New Shuamta Temple is located 6 kilometers from Telavi and dates back to the middle ages. The damaged temple was restored by King Erekle II during his reign. New Shuamta is a good example of the architectural style used in Kakheti during the middle ages.

8. Ikalto
Ikalto Monastery complex is located 8 km to the north of Telavi. The complex incorporates three churches dating back to the 6th, 9th and 12th centuries.

9. Alexandre Chavchavadze Museum
During the 19th century, the Tsinandali complex belonged to a renowned Georgian poet and public figure
Alexandre Chavchavadze. The complex consists of a beautiful garden; with over 1000 varieties of trees and plants from all over the world. Furthermore, within the premise there are wine cellars with unique collections of wines.

10. Monastery of Alaverdi
Earliest structures of Alaverdi Monastery date back to the 6th century, however the present day cathedral is a part the 11th century Georgian Orthodox monastery. Alaverdi is located 18 kilometers from Telavi and is one of the tallest religious buildings in Georgia. Location: village of Alaverdi

Gori

The original fortress, constructed on a hilltop was named Gori (meaning hill in English) and was mentioned in Georgian annals as early as the in the VII century. Some historians believe that the fortress was built by Byzantine Caesar Heraclius to store ammunition when he fought against Persians.

However, just after the XI century the area became an active centre for trade: according to some historians, it’s because David the Builder has founded the town. Because of its geographical location, enemies frequently targeted the fortress, as conquering it meant controlling the whole Shida Kartli region. The fortress has been invaded many times and controlled by Ossetians, Iranians and Persians, amongst others. The stronghold has been destroyed and rebuilt many times.

The fortress was built in 1774, during the reign of Erekle II, but it was significantly damaged during an earthquake in 1920. The Stalin Museum includes the memorial house where Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) was born, a museum building with a tower and Stalin’s personal carriage he used to visit Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam. There are many unique exhibits displayed here, including Stalin’s personal belongings and collections of paintings, photos, films and other important historical works and items.

1. Gori Fortress
The historic fortress stands on a rocky hill in the center of Gori. The ruins on the northern slope and the archaeological findings indicate that there was a fortress here as far back as the I century BC. Within the historic manuscripts the fortress is first mentioned in the XIII century as “Gori Prison”.

2. Virgin Mary Cathedral
The temple was built as a Catholic church between 1806 and 1810. In 1920, it was heavily damaged by an earthquake. During Soviet times, Gori’s Music School was situated in the church. The building was handed over to the Georgian Orthodox Church in the 1990s. Currently, Samtavisi and Gori Cathedral belong to the episcopacy.
Address: 7 Lomouri str., Gori

3. Historical-ethnographic Museum
The museum was founded in 1935. Currently, it houses more than 48,100 exhibits, including: handcraft metal masterpieces, paintings, decorative sculptures, heraldic artifacts, unique Colchis silver coins (the only ones in the former USSR), coins dating back to the time periods of Queen Tamar and David Narin, ancient Eastern coins, epigraphic monuments in Georgian and Arabic languages; collections of manuscripts in the Georgian language, vast photo archive, and many more attractions.
Address: Gori, Kirion II St.

4. State Museum of Joseph Stalin
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin’s Museum was founded in 1937 and holds around 60,000 exhibits. The premise of the museum includes a memorial house, where Stalin was born; an exhibition building and Stalin’s personal train wagon, in which he traveled to Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam. The museum also houses Stalin’s personal belongings.
Address: Gori., Stalin Av. №32

5. Gorijvari
Local resort, located at an altitude of 600 meters. Low mineralized hydrosulfite, hydrocarbon-chloride and sodium mineral water are used to prepare special therapeutic baths. The baths are used for treatment of musculoskeletal system issues and gynecological diseases; they also have a positive effect on the nervous system. The season for the resort usually starts in June and lasts until September.
Location: village of Great Gorijvari

6. Uplistsikhe
Uplistikhe is a rock-hewn city, located just 10 km east of Gori, on the left bank of the river Mtkvari. One of the oldest settlements in the Caucasus region, Uplistikhe is first mentioned within the pages of history in the VII century. Uplistiskhe and its surrounding archeological and architectural monuments belong to a distinct group, the oldest of which dates back to the early Bronz Age and are considered to be relics of the Kura-Araxes culture.

7. Ateni Gorge
Alongside the natural diversity, the Ateni gorge features plenty of tourist sites: Great Ateni – Ateni Sioni Church (VII Century), Ateni (Orbeliani) Fortresss (X-XI centuries), Church of the Virgin Mary, mineral water “Bisi” and etc. Atteni gorge is also a perfect destination for camping.

8. Village Gardateni
The village is located 6 kilometers from the town of Gori. Here you will find several important historic monuments, including: Vere fortress, Church of Saint George, Vere Church of the Virgin Mary, the Green (Transfiguration) cathedral,
Tsedisi Fortress and other architectural monuments.

9. Ruisi Cathedral of Transfiguration
The cathedral dated back to the VIII-IX centuries and is located 7 km from the town of Gori. According to the sources, it was built by King Vakhtang Gorgasali. Despite the fact that the original structure of the building was not preserved, the VII century architectural style can easily be identified when looking at the building. Ruisi is associated with a number of important political events of the feudal age. Within the walls of this church, George II (1072-1083 AD) was crowned the King of Kartli. During this time, Ruisi was the capital city of Kartli.

10. Urbnisi Cathedral
The cathedral is located within the Kareli municipality, in the village of Urbnisi. Stylistic elements, as well as paleographic assessment of inscriptions on the northern faзade estimate that the cathedral was constructed sometime in the V-VI centuries. The inscriptions on the facade feature names of the architects – Konstant and father Mikeil. The rest of the inscriptions refer to the times of restoration of the church.